外貿(mào)價(jià)格和貿(mào)易術(shù)語
一、貿(mào)易術(shù)語
E組: 買方負(fù)責(zé)全部花費(fèi)
EX: Ex Works 工廠交貨,賣方義務(wù)少(minimum obligation)賣方負(fù)責(zé)出口清關(guān)則為FCA
F組: 買家負(fù)責(zé)運(yùn)費(fèi),風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以買方所在國交貨劃分FOB: Free On Board
賣家:港口交貨,出口清關(guān),提供商業(yè)發(fā)票、裝船提單,承擔(dān)港口裝船交貨前風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
買家:支付貨款,進(jìn)口清關(guān),托運(yùn)并通知賣家,決策購買保險(xiǎn)和否,接受單據(jù)收取貨物,承擔(dān)出口國港口裝船交貨后風(fēng)險(xiǎn)出口美國應(yīng)注意FOB Vessel才需要由賣方負(fù)責(zé)出口清關(guān)手續(xù)FCA: Free Carrier 貨交承運(yùn)人,其實(shí)就是FOB的擴(kuò)展,適用于任何運(yùn)輸方式。
賣方可協(xié)助安排運(yùn)輸,但花費(fèi)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)由買方負(fù)責(zé)FAS: Free Along Ship,近似FOB,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)交接點(diǎn)變成船邊碼頭或駁船靠邊,而不是船舷C組: 賣家負(fù)責(zé)運(yùn)費(fèi),風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以買方所在國交貨劃分CFR: Cost and Freight
賣家:港口交貨,出口清關(guān),托運(yùn)并及時(shí)充分地通知買家(sufficient notice),以便買家辦理保險(xiǎn),提供裝船提單、商業(yè)發(fā)票,承擔(dān)港口裝船交貨前風(fēng)險(xiǎn)買家:支付貨款,進(jìn)口清關(guān),決策購買保險(xiǎn)和否,接受單據(jù)收取貨物,承擔(dān)出口國港口裝船交貨后風(fēng)險(xiǎn)CPT: Carriage paid to 運(yùn)費(fèi)付至,CFR的擴(kuò)展,賣家負(fù)責(zé)托運(yùn)CIF: Cost, insurance and Freight
賣家:港口交貨,出口清關(guān),托運(yùn)并辦理保險(xiǎn),提供裝船提單、商業(yè)發(fā)票、保險(xiǎn)單,承擔(dān)港口裝船交貨前風(fēng)險(xiǎn)買家:支付貨款,進(jìn)口清關(guān),接受單據(jù)收取貨物,承擔(dān)出口國港口裝船交貨后風(fēng)險(xiǎn)CIP: Carriage and Freight Paid to 運(yùn)費(fèi)、保險(xiǎn)付至,CIF擴(kuò)展,賣家負(fù)責(zé)托運(yùn)和投保D組: 賣家所在國交貨,賣方負(fù)責(zé)運(yùn)費(fèi),風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以賣方所在國交貨劃分DAF: Delivered At Frontier,邊境交貨,買方負(fù)責(zé)托運(yùn)和投保,承擔(dān)貨物交接后風(fēng)險(xiǎn)DES: Delivered Ex Ship,目的港船上交貨,賣方負(fù)責(zé)到達(dá)目的港前一切花費(fèi)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn),賣方負(fù)責(zé)進(jìn)口清關(guān),也叫EXS
DEQ: Delivered Ex Quay,DES變型,目的港碼頭交貨賣方負(fù)責(zé)碼頭上交貨前一切花費(fèi)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn),也叫EXQDDU: Delivered Duty Unpaid,未完稅交貨,DEQ的擴(kuò)展,適合任何運(yùn)輸方式DDP: Delivered Duty Paid,完稅交貨,賣家負(fù)責(zé)進(jìn)出口清關(guān),交貨前一切花費(fèi)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn),賣方義務(wù)多maximum obligation
二、傭金和折扣的計(jì)算
Price including commission US$335 per metric ton CIF New York including 2% commissionUS $ 300 per metric ton CIFC2% New York 每公噸335美元CIF2%紐約US $ 300 per metric ton FOB Shanghai less 2% discount 每公噸FOB上海減折扣2%US $ 300 per metric ton FOB Shanghai net 每公噸300美元FOB 上海凈價(jià)貨物交付
一、關(guān)鍵概念
Time of delivery 交貨時(shí)間 F和C組術(shù)語條件下,兩者是一致的;Time of shipment 裝運(yùn)時(shí)間 由于推定交貨和實(shí)際交貨的區(qū)別,兩者好還是區(qū)別使用Constructive Delivery 推定交貨
Actual Delivery 實(shí)際交貨
Port of Shipment 裝運(yùn)港,可一個(gè)或多個(gè),具名或只注范圍,如China PortPort of Destination 目的港,對賣方而言,好比較確定、可行Partial Shipment 分批裝運(yùn)分批裝運(yùn) shipment by instalmentsTransshipment 轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)
二、裝運(yùn)條款
Shipment during Oct. /Nov. 2009 with partial shipments and transshipments allowedShipment at or before/ no later than the end of JuneShipment: one 40’ container from China port to New York, USA on or before Apr. 20thShipment within 60 days after receipt of L/C這種條款一般同時(shí)也需要規(guī)定L/C到達(dá)期限The Buyers must open the relevant L/C to reach the Sellers before June 20thDuring Mar./Apr. in two equal lots/shipments, transshipment is prohibitedShipment during May from Shanghai to London. The sellers shall advise the Buyers 45 days before the month of shipment of the time the goods be ready for shipment. Partial shipment is prohibited, to be transshipped at Hong Kong三、海運(yùn)提單 B/L Bill of Loading
On Board B/L=Shipped B/L, Received For Shipment B/L已裝船提單,備運(yùn)提單(收訖待運(yùn)提單)
提單簽發(fā)日期 B/L date = 裝船日期 Shipment dateClean B/L, Unclean B/L=Foul B/L 清潔提單,不清潔提單Straight B/L, Bearer B/L, Order B/L
記名/收貨人抬頭提單,不記名/來人抬頭提單,指示提單to bearer 貨交提單持有人或者留空
to order/to the order of 憑指示/憑某人指示 ->承運(yùn)人背書(空白、記名)Direct B/L, Transshipment B/L, Through B/L直達(dá)提單,轉(zhuǎn)船提單,聯(lián)運(yùn)提單
Liner B/L, Charter Party B/L 班輪提單,租船提單Long form B/L, Short Form B/L 全式提單,略式提單Original B/L, Copy B/L, Full Set B/L 正本提單,副本提單,全套提單Stale B/L, On Deck B/L, House B/L 過期提單,甲板提單,運(yùn)輸代理行提單四、集裝箱 Container
FCL 整箱貨,full container load
LCL 拼箱貨,less than container load
CY 堆場,container yard
CFS 集裝箱貨運(yùn)站,container freight stationD/R 場站單據(jù),dock receipt,堆場收據(jù),裝船后可換B/LCLP 裝箱單,container load plan
CTB/L 聯(lián)運(yùn)提單,combined transport B/L
MTD 多式聯(lián)運(yùn)單據(jù),multi-modal transport documentE/R 設(shè)備交接單,equipment receipt
Inland Transport Charge 內(nèi)陸運(yùn)輸費(fèi)
LCL Service Charge 拼箱服務(wù)費(fèi)
Terminal Handling Charges 堆場服務(wù)費(fèi)
Fee for Use Container and Other Equipments 集裝箱及其他設(shè)備使用費(fèi)Box-rate 包箱費(fèi)率
FAK FAK包箱費(fèi)率,freight for all kinds,不分種類,不計(jì)量,統(tǒng)一單箱花費(fèi)FCS FCS包箱費(fèi)率,freight for class,不同貨物分級收費(fèi),W/MFCB FCB包箱費(fèi)率,freight for class & basis
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